Tag archives: severity

Punishment: Certainty vs. Severity?
By Robert Bernstein   |   August 18, 2026

If there were cameras in every public space, it might lower the prison population. How? Fear of being caught is an effective deterrent. That concept comes from Italian criminologist Cesare Beccaria’s 1764 publication On Crimes and Punishments: Certainty of punishment is more important than severity of punishment. Researcher Daniel Nagin refined this claim in his […]